In order to enhance the impact resistance of Home Appliance Display Glass, what two tempering methods can be adopted?

In order to enhance the impact resistance of Home Appliance Display Glass, two methods can be adopted: thermal tempering and chemical tempering. Thermal tempering is a physical tempering method. Its principle is to heat the glass to a suitable temperature and then cool it rapidly, so that the surface of the glass shrinks sharply and produces compressive stress, while the middle layer of the glass cools slowly and has no time to shrink, so tensile stress is formed, so that the glass obtains higher strength.
Gas medium tempering method is also called air-cooled tempering method, including horizontal air cushion tempering, horizontal roller tempering, vertical tempering and other methods. It is a production method in which the glass is heated to a temperature close to the softening temperature of the glass, and then air is blown on both sides of it to cool it rapidly, so as to increase the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the glass. Air-cooled tempered glass has a lower cost, a larger output, and has higher mechanical strength, thermal shock resistance and a higher thermal gradient resistance. In addition, air-cooled tempered glass can form small fragments when broken, which can reduce damage to the human body. However, air-cooled tempering technology has certain requirements for the thickness and shape of glass. The minimum thickness of glass tempered by domestic equipment is generally around 3 mm. Moreover, the cooling speed is slow and the energy consumption is high. For thin glass, there is also the problem of glass deformation during the tempering process, so it cannot be used in fields with high optical quality requirements.
Liquid medium tempering method, also known as liquid cooling method, is to heat the glass to a point close to the softening point and then put it into a quenching tank filled with liquid for tempering. The cooling medium can be salt water or mineral oil. Liquid cooling method greatly reduces the amount of water due to its large specific heat and high heat of vaporization, thereby reducing energy consumption and cost, and has fast cooling speed, high safety performance and small deformation. However, for glass plates with large areas, liquid cooling method is prone to uneven heating and affects the quality and yield rate. Therefore, it is mainly suitable for tempering various thin glasses with small areas, such as glasses glass, LCD screen glass, etc.
Particle tempering method is a process method in which the glass is heated to a point close to the softening temperature and then quenched by solid particles in a fluidized bed to strengthen the glass. The particle tempering method can temper ultra-thin glass with high strength and good quality. It is an advanced technology for manufacturing high-performance tempered glass. Compared with the traditional wind tempering process, the new particle tempering process has a large cooling medium, which is suitable for tempering ultra-thin glass and has significant energy-saving effects. However, the cooling medium cost of the particle tempering process is relatively high.
Using atomized water as the cooling medium and using spray exhaust equipment can make the glass cool more evenly during the tempering process, consume less energy, and have better performance after tempering. The cooling medium of the mist tempering method is easy to obtain, low in cost, and does not pollute the environment. It can also temper thin glass that cannot be tempered by general gas, liquid and particle tempering. However, the cooling uniformity of the mist tempering method is difficult to control, and because its cooling system is difficult to control, it is currently less used.
Chemical tempering is a tempering method that changes the surface components of the glass by chemical methods, increases the surface lamination stress, and increases the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the glass. The principle of chemical tempering is to change the surface composition of glass according to the mechanism of ion diffusion. At a certain temperature, the glass is immersed in high-temperature molten salt. The alkali metal ions in the glass and the alkali metal ions in the molten salt are exchanged due to diffusion, resulting in a "crowding" phenomenon, which causes compressive stress on the glass surface, thereby improving the strength of the glass.
The strength of chemically tempered glass is close to that of physically tempered glass, with good thermal stability, low processing temperature, and the product is not easy to deform. Moreover, its products are not restricted by thickness and geometric shape, and the equipment used is simple and the product is easy to realize. However, compared with physical tempered glass, chemically tempered glass has a long production cycle, low efficiency and high production cost, and the fragments are similar to ordinary glass, with poor safety. Moreover, the chemical properties of chemically tempered glass are not good, and physical properties such as mechanical strength and impact strength are easy to fade, and the strength decays quickly over time. Chemically tempered glass is widely used in flat glass, thin-walled glass and bottle and jar shaped glass products of different thicknesses. It can also be used for fireproof glass, but the product life is short, generally less than 3 years.